Passage 4
1. B
By reading all of the hypotheses from the three scientists, it can be seen that Scientist 1 is the only one who completely agrees with the analogy to Ohm’s law. Scientists 2 and 3 both partly agreed with it but said there were other reasons for high blood pressure.
2. A
By simply comparing both equations, it is clear they are in the same format. By seeing this, it can be deduced that the first variable on the right is being multiplied by resistance. Therefore, Cardiac Output is analogous to Current (Ⅰ).
3. C
By examining the three hypotheses, Scientist 1 believes that arterial resistance, caused by a build-up of plaque, is a cause of hypertension. Scientist 2 agrees with this statement but believes it’s not the only cause of hypertension. Scientist 3 offers a completely different explanation, so only Scientists 1 and 2 believe a build-up of plaque is a cause of hypertension.
4. B
Scientist 2 is the only scientist without a detailed explanation. Instead Scientist 2 says that there must be more than just one explanation of blood pressure. Since complex health problems often have multiple factors, Scientist 2 has the most plausibility without accompanying evidence.
5. D
Simply use the analogous equation to Ohm’s law and plug in the values. By plugging in the values the equation becomes 140 mmHg = CO x 20 Ohms. By dividing 140 by 20, the answer for the cardiac output is 7 mmHg/Ohm.
6. A
Since there is no vascular resistance, a zero value will make everything on the right side zero, meaning the patient will have absolutely no blood pressure despite a high cardiac output.